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Chapter 4: Writing Rules 33
.DELETE_ON_ERROR
If .DELETE_ON_ERROR is mentioned as a target anywhere in the makefile, then
make will delete the target of a rule if it has changed and its recipe exits with
a nonzero exit status, just as it does when it receives a signal. See Section 5.5
[Errors in Recipes], page 49.
.IGNORE
If you specify prerequisites for .IGNORE, then make will ignore errors in execution
of the recipe for those particular files. The recipe for .IGNORE (if any) is ignored.
If mentioned as a target with no prerequisites, .IGNORE says to ignore errors in
execution of recipes for all files. This usage of ‘.IGNORE’ is supported only for
historical compatibility. Since this affects every recipe in the makefile, it is not
very useful; we recommend you use the more selective ways to ignore errors in
specific recipes. See Section 5.5 [Errors in Recipes], page 49.
.LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME
If you specify prerequisites for .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME, make assumes that
these files are created by commands that generate low resolution time stamps.
The recipe for the .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME target are ignored.
The high resolution file time stamps of many modern file systems lessen the
chance of make incorrectly concluding that a file is up to date. Unfortunately,
some hosts do not provide a way to set a high resolution file time stamp, so
commands like ‘cp -p’ that explicitly set a file’s time stamp must discard its
sub-second part. If a file is created by such a command, you should list it
as a prerequisite of .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME so that make does not mistakenly
conclude that the file is out of date. For example:
.LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME: dst
dst: src
cp -p src dst
Since ‘cp -p’ discards the sub-second part of src’s time stamp, dst is typically
slightly older than src even when it is up to date. The .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME
line causes make to consider dst to be up to date if its time stamp is at the
start of the same second that src’s time stamp is in.
Due to a limitation of the archive format, archive member time stamps are
always low resolution. You need not list archive members as prerequisites of
.LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME, as make does this automatically.
.SILENT
If you specify prerequisites for .SILENT, then make will not print the recipe used
to remake those particular files before executing them. The recipe for .SILENT
is ignored.
If mentioned as a target with no prerequisites, .SILENT says not to print any
recipes before executing them. This usage of ‘.SILENT’ is supported only for
historical compatibility. We recommend you use the more selective ways to
silence specific recipes. See Section 5.2 [Recipe Echoing], page 43. If you want
to silence all recipes for a particular run of make, use the ‘-s’ or ‘--silent’
option (see Section 9.7 [Options Summary], page 104).
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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