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Appendix A: Quick Reference 169
$(file op filename,text)
Expand the arguments, then open the file filename using mode op and write
text to that file.
See Section 8.6 [The file Function], page 91.
$(value var)
Evaluates to the contents of the variable var, with no expansion performed on
it.
See Section 8.8 [The value Function], page 93.
Here is a summary of the automatic variables. See Section 10.5.3 [Automatic Variables],
page 120, for full information.
$@ The file name of the target.
$% The target member name, when the target is an archive member.
$< The name of the first prerequisite.
$? The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the target, with spaces
between them. For prerequisites which are archive members, only the named
member is used (see Chapter 11 [Archives], page 129).
$^
$+ The names of all the prerequisites, with spaces between them. For prerequisites
which are archive members, only the named member is used (see Chapter 11
[Archives], page 129). The value of $^ omits duplicate prerequisites, while $+
retains them and preserves their order.
$* The stem with which an implicit rule matches (see Section 10.5.4 [How Patterns
Match], page 122).
$(@D)
$(@F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $@.
$(*D)
$(*F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $*.
$(%D)
$(%F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $%.
$(<D)
$(<F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $<.
$(^D)
$(^F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $^.
$(+D)
$(+F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $+.
$(?D)
$(?F) The directory part and the file-within-directory part of $?.
These variables are used specially by GNU make:
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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