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Chapter 12: Extending GNU make 137
Regardless of how many times an object file appears in a load directive, it will only be
loaded (and its setup function will only be invoked) once.
After an object has been successfully loaded, its file name is appended to the .LOADED
variable.
If you would prefer that failure to load a dynamic object not be reported as an error,
you can use the -load directive instead of load. GNU make will not fail and no message
will be generated if an object fails to load. The failed object is not added to the .LOADED
variable, which can then be consulted to determine if the load was successful.
12.2.2 How Loaded Objects Are Remade
Loaded objects undergo the same re-make procedure as makefiles (see Section 3.5 [How
Makefiles Are Remade], page 14). If any loaded object is recreated, then make will start
from scratch and re-read all the makefiles, and reload the object files again. It is not
necessary for the loaded object to do anything special to support this.
It’s up to the makefile author to provide the rules needed for rebuilding the loaded object.
12.2.3 Loaded Object Interface
Warning: For this feature to be useful your extensions will need to invoke various
functions internal to GNU make. The programming interfaces provided in this release
should not be considered stable: functions may be added, removed, or change calling
signatures or implementations in future versions of GNU make.
To be useful, loaded objects must be able to interact with GNU make. This interaction
includes both interfaces the loaded object provides to makefiles and also interfaces make
provides to the loaded object to manipulate make’s operation.
The interface between loaded objects and make is defined by the gnumake.h C header
file. All loaded objects written in C should include this header file. Any loaded object not
written in C will need to implement the interface defined in this header file.
Typically, a loaded object will register one or more new GNU make functions using the
gmk_add_function routine from within its setup function. The implementations of these
make functions may make use of the gmk_expand and gmk_eval routines to perform their
tasks, then optionally return a string as the result of the function expansion.
Loaded Object Licensing
Every dynamic extension should define the global symbol plugin_is_GPL_compatible to
assert that it has been licensed under a GPL-compatible license. If this symbol does not
exist, make emits a fatal error and exits when it tries to load your extension.
The declared type of the symbol should be int. It does not need to be in any allo-
cated section, though. The code merely asserts that the symbol exists in the global scope.
Something like this is enough:
int plugin_is_GPL_compatible;
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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