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Appendix B: Errors Generated by Make 175
‘missing target pattern. Stop.’
‘multiple target patterns. Stop.’
‘target pattern contains no ‘%’. Stop.’
‘mixed implicit and static pattern rules. Stop.’
These are generated for malformed static pattern rules. The first means there’s
no pattern in the target section of the rule; the second means there are multiple
patterns in the target section; the third means the target doesn’t contain a
pattern character (%); and the fourth means that all three parts of the static
pattern rule contain pattern characters (%)–only the first two parts should. If
you see these errors and you aren’t trying to create a static pattern rule, check
the value of any variables in your target and prerequisite lists to be sure they do
not contain colons. See Section 4.11.1 [Syntax of Static Pattern Rules], page 36.
‘warning: -jN forced in submake: disabling jobserver mode.’
This warning and the next are generated if make detects error conditions re-
lated to parallel processing on systems where sub-makes can communicate (see
Section 5.7.3 [Communicating Options to a Sub-make], page 54). This warning
is generated if a recursive invocation of a make process is forced to have ‘-jN’
in its argument list (where N is greater than one). This could happen, for
example, if you set the MAKE environment variable to ‘make -j2’. In this case,
the sub-make doesn’t communicate with other make processes and will simply
pretend it has two jobs of its own.
‘warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1. Add ‘+’ to parent make rule.’
In order for make processes to communicate, the parent will pass information to
the child. Since this could result in problems if the child process isn’t actually
a make, the parent will only do this if it thinks the child is a make. The parent
uses the normal algorithms to determine this (see Section 5.7.1 [How the MAKE
Variable Works], page 51). If the makefile is constructed such that the parent
doesn’t know the child is a make process, then the child will receive only part
of the information necessary. In this case, the child will generate this warning
message and proceed with its build in a sequential manner.
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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