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170 GNU make
MAKEFILES
Makefiles to be read on every invocation of make.
See Section 3.4 [The Variable MAKEFILES], page 14.
VPATH
Directory search path for files not found in the current directory.
See Section 4.4.1 [VPATH Search Path for All Prerequisites], page 25.
SHELL
The name of the system default command interpreter, usually /bin/sh. You
can set SHELL in the makefile to change the shell used to run recipes. See
Section 5.3 [Recipe Execution], page 44. The SHELL variable is handled specially
when importing from and exporting to the environment. See Section 5.3.2
[Choosing the Shell], page 45.
MAKESHELL
On MS-DOS only, the name of the command interpreter that is to be used by
make. This value takes precedence over the value of SHELL. See Section 5.3
[MAKESHELL variable], page 44.
MAKE
The name with which make was invoked. Using this variable in recipes has
special meaning. See Section 5.7.1 [How the MAKE Variable Works], page 51.
MAKE_VERSION
The built-in variable ‘MAKE_VERSION’ expands to the version number of the
GNU make program.
MAKE_HOST
The built-in variable ‘MAKE_HOST’ expands to a string representing the host that
GNU make was built to run on.
MAKELEVEL
The number of levels of recursion (sub-makes).
See Section 5.7.2 [Variables/Recursion], page 52.
MAKEFLAGS
The flags given to make. You can set this in the environment or a makefile to
set flags.
See Section 5.7.3 [Communicating Options to a Sub-make], page 54.
It is never appropriate to use MAKEFLAGS directly in a recipe line: its contents
may not be quoted correctly for use in the shell. Always allow recursive make’s
to obtain these values through the environment from its parent.
GNUMAKEFLAGS
Other flags parsed by make. You can set this in the environment or a makefile
to set make command-line flags. GNU make never sets this variable itself. This
variable is only needed if you’d like to set GNU make-specific flags in a POSIX-
compliant makefile. This variable will be seen by GNU make and ignored by
other make implementations. It’s not needed if you only use GNU make; just use
MAKEFLAGS directly. See Section 5.7.3 [Communicating Options to a Sub-make],
page 54.
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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