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Chapter 9: How to Run make 107
Print the recipe that would be executed, but do not execute it (except in certain
circumstances). See Section 9.3 [Instead of Executing Recipes], page 101.
‘-o file’
‘--old-file=file’
‘--assume-old=file’
Do not remake the file file even if it is older than its prerequisites, and do not
remake anything on account of changes in file. Essentially the file is treated as
very old and its rules are ignored. See Section 9.4 [Avoiding Recompilation of
Some Files], page 102.
‘-O[type]’
‘--output-sync[=type]’
Ensure that the complete output from each recipe is printed in one uninter-
rupted sequence. This option is only useful when using the --jobs option
to run multiple recipes simultaneously (see Section 5.4 [Parallel Execution],
page 47) Without this option output will be displayed as it is generated by the
recipes.
With no type or the type ‘target’, output from the entire recipe of each target
is grouped together. With the type ‘line’, output from each line in the recipe is
grouped together. With the type ‘recurse’, the output from an entire recursive
make is grouped together. With the type ‘none’, no output synchronization is
performed. See Section 5.4.1 [Output During Parallel Execution], page 47.
‘-p’
‘--print-data-base’
Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from reading the
makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise specified. This also prints the
version information given by the ‘-v’ switch (see below). To print the data
base without trying to remake any files, use ‘make -qp’. To print the data base
of predefined rules and variables, use ‘make -p -f /dev/null’. The data base
output contains file name and line number information for recipe and variable
definitions, so it can be a useful debugging tool in complex environments.
‘-q’
‘--question’
“Question mode”. Do not run any recipes, or print anything; just return an
exit status that is zero if the specified targets are already up to date, one if any
remaking is required, or two if an error is encountered. See Section 9.3 [Instead
of Executing Recipes], page 101.
‘-r’
‘--no-builtin-rules’
Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules (see Chapter 10 [Using Implicit
Rules], page 111). You can still define your own by writing pattern rules (see
Section 10.5 [Defining and Redefining Pattern Rules], page 118). The ‘-r’
option also clears out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules (see Section 10.7
[Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules], page 125). But you can still define your own
suffixes with a rule for .SUFFIXES, and then define your own suffix rules. Note
that only rules are affected by the -r option; default variables remain in effect
- GNU Make 1
- Short Contents 5
- Table of Contents 7
- 1 Overview of make 11
- 2 An Introduction to Makefiles 13
- 2.2 A Simple Makefile 14
- 2.6 Another Style of Makefile 18
- 3 Writing Makefiles 21
- 3.1.1 Splitting Long Lines 22
- 3.3 Including Other Makefiles 23
- 3.4 The Variable MAKEFILES 24
- 3.5 How Makefiles Are Remade 24
- 3.7 How make Reads a Makefile 26
- Conditional Directives 27
- Rule Definition 27
- 3.8 Secondary Expansion 28
- 4 Writing Rules 31
- 4.2 Types of Prerequisites 32
- 4.3.1 Wildcard Examples 33
- 4.3.3 The Function wildcard 34
- 4.4.2 The vpath Directive 36
- 4.5 Phony Targets 39
- 4.11 Static Pattern Rules 46
- 4.12 Double-Colon Rules 48
- %.d: %.c 49
- @set -e; rm -f $@; \ 49
- 5 Writing Recipes in Rules 51
- 5.2 Recipe Echoing 53
- 5.3 Recipe Execution 54
- 5.3.2 Choosing the Shell 55
- 5.4 Parallel Execution 57
- 5.5 Errors in Recipes 59
- 5.7 Recursive Use of make 60
- 5.8 Defining Canned Recipes 66
- 5.9 Using Empty Recipes 67
- 6 How to Use Variables 69
- 6.3.1 Substitution References 72
- 6.3.2 Computed Variable Names 73
- 6.5 Setting Variables 75
- 6.7 The override Directive 78
- 6.9 Undefining Variables 79
- 6.13 Suppressing Inheritance 82
- 6.14 Other Special Variables 83
- 7.1 Example of a Conditional 87
- 7.2 Syntax of Conditionals 88
- 8.1 Function Call Syntax 93
- 8.3 Functions for File Names 97
- 8.5 The foreach Function 100
- 8.6 The file Function 101
- 8.7 The call Function 102
- 8.8 The value Function 103
- 8.9 The eval Function 103
- 8.10 The origin Function 104
- 8.11 The flavor Function 105
- 8.14 The guile Function 107
- 8.13 The shell Function 107
- 9 How to Run make 109
- 9.5 Overriding Variables 113
- 9.7 Summary of Options 114
- 10 Using Implicit Rules 121
- 10.4 Chains of Implicit Rules 127
- 10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples 129
- 10.5.3 Automatic Variables 130
- 10.5.4 How Patterns Match 132
- 10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules 135
- 12 Extending GNU make 143
- 12.2 Loading Dynamic Objects 145
- 12.2.1 The load Directive 146
- Loaded Object Licensing 147
- Data Structures 148
- Registering Functions 148
- Registered Function Interface 148
- GNU make Facilities 148
- Memory Management 149
- 12.2.4 Example Loaded Object 149
- 13 Features of GNU make 153
- 15 Makefile Conventions 159
- 15.2 Utilities in Makefiles 160
- CFLAGS = -g 161
- ALL_CFLAGS = -I. $(CFLAGS) 161
- Appendix A Quick Reference 175
- Index of Concepts 201
- 192 GNU make 202
- Index of Concepts 193 203
- 194 GNU make 204
- Index of Concepts 195 205
- 196 GNU make 206
- Index of Concepts 197 207
- 198 GNU make 208
- 200 GNU make 210
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